Wetlands play a vital role in maintaining environmental balance and supporting rural livelihoods. Effective management of these ecosystems requires not only a comprehensive understanding of the challenges they face but also the active participation of local communities whose livelihoods depend on them. This study aimed to examine the level of rural community participation in decision-making processes related to the management of the Anzali Coastal Wetland in Guilan Province, Iran. A descriptive–explanatory survey design was employed, and data were collected through structured interviews with 269 rural household heads selected using a multi-stage sampling method. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts, and its reliability was assessed through a pilot study, which yielded acceptable Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the main constructs (0.71–0.98). The findings indicated that most respondents reported a high level of participation in wetland management decision-making programs, particularly in conservation and restoration initiatives. Correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between community participation and involvement in identifying wetland challenges, as well as engagement in conservation, restoration, and sustainable use programs. Participation was also positively associated with local technical knowledge and capacity. To further enhance effective participation, appropriate communication and interaction strategies should be developed to strengthen community awareness of wetland challenges and opportunities and to reinforce their role in decision-making and practical actions.