Human-induced changes in land use and natural resources, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran, have had significant impacts on the environment and agricultural production. Limited water and soil resources, along with population growth, have created challenges in securing the country's food supply. This research was conducted to investigate farmers' participation in the development of rainfed orchards on sloping lands in the Loudab region. The statistical population consisted of 5,000 farmers and gardeners, from which a sample of 200 individuals was selected using Cochran's formula. The study employed a quantitative-applied approach using a survey method. Data were collected via a questionnaire and analyzed using the coefficient of variation, Spearman's correlation test, and stepwise regression. The findings showed that the most important factor affecting farmers' participation is government laws and support (beta = 0.276). Supportive policies, financial facilities, and technical training are among the factors that increase farmers' motivation. Economic, social, and cultural factors also play a role in farmers' decisions to establish orchards on sloping lands. By identifying barriers and offering practical solutions, this research can contribute to the sustainable development of sloping lands and the improvement of agricultural productivity in the Loudab region