تحقیقات ترویج و توسعه روستایی

تحقیقات ترویج و توسعه روستایی

تحلیل ظرفیت‌های بالقوه انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر و ارائه راهکارهای توسعه آن در مناطق روستایی استان کردستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
یاسین تاشان 1
حیدر قلی زاده 1
محمد بادسار 1
امید کرمی 2
مجید نامداری 3
1 گروه ترویج، ارتباطات و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
2 دپارتمان اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه پوردو، ایالات متحده آمریکا
3 گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
10.30470/jrdes.2025.2051127.1049
چکیده
انرژی پارامتری حیاتی برای تأمین نیازهای اساسی انسان از زنجیره غذایی تا فعالیت‌های اقتصادی است. با توجه به عدم تعادل در تولید و مصرف انرژی در بخش کشاورزی و پیامدهای گرمایش جهانی، ضرورت بهره‌گیری از انرژی‌های تجدیدپذیر آشکار می‌شود. این پژوهش با هدف شناسایی و تبیین ظرفیت‌های بالقوه انرژی تجدیدپذیر در بخش کشاورزی استان کردستان - که تاکنون کمتر مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است - و ارائه راهکارهای توسعه آن انجام شد. داده‌ها از طریق 15 مصاحبه نیمه‌ساختاریافته با خبرگان (تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری) گردآوری و با تحلیل محتوای کیفی در نرم‌افزار MAXQDA بررسی شدند. یافته‌ها نشان داد ترکیب منابع بالقوه تجدیدپذیر استان شامل %54/40 انرژی خورشیدی، %84/37 انرژی بادی، %13/51 انرژی آبی و %8/11 انرژی زیست‌توده است. اولویت توسعه به ترتیب به انرژی خورشیدی (%31/9)، بادی (%29/79)، زیست‌توده (%15/19)، آبی (%10/64) و زمین‌گرمایی (%8/51) اختصاص دارد. راهکارهای پیشنهادی شامل حمایت مالی (%22/95)، آموزش و آگاهی‌بخشی (%21/31)، انتقال یارانه از بخش فسیلی به تجدیدپذیر (%6/56) و سیاست‌های تشویقی (%4/92) بودند. این نتایج می‌تواند مبنای برنامه‌ریزی برای ایجاد شبکه‌های انرژی تجدیدپذیر با مشارکت کشاورزان و دستیابی به توسعه پایدار در استان قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
انرژی تجدیدپذیر
ظرفیت‌سنجی
توسعه روستایی
کشاورزی پایدار
استان کردستان

عنوان مقاله English

Comprehensive Analysis of Renewable Energy Potential and Development Strategies for Agricultural Sector in Rural Areas of Kurdistan Province

نویسندگان English

yasin tashan 1
heydar gholizadeh 1
mohamad Badsar 1
omid karami 2
majid namdari 3
1 Department of Agricultural Extension, Communication and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
2 Department of Agricultural Economics, Purdue University, United States of America
3 Department of Production and plant genetics University of Zanjan, zanjan.Iran
چکیده English

Energy is a fundamental component in fulfilling basic human needs, supporting systems ranging from the food supply chain to diverse economic activities. In light of the existing imbalance between energy production and consumption within the agricultural sector, and the mounting challenges posed by global warming, the imperative to transition toward renewable energy sources becomes increasingly clear. This study aimed to identify and evaluate the renewable energy potential in the agricultural sector of Kurdistan Province—a subject that has received relatively limited scholarly attention—and to propose strategic recommendations for its advancement. Data were gathered through 15 semi-structured expert interviews, conducted until theoretical saturation was achieved, and subsequently analyzed using qualitative content analysis in MAXQDA software. The findings indicate that the province’s renewable energy potential comprises 40.54% solar, 37.84% wind, 13.51% hydropower, and 8.11% biomass. The prioritization for development was determined as follows: solar (31.9%), wind (29.79%), biomass (15.19%), hydropower (10.64%), and geothermal (8.51%). Recommended strategies include the provision of financial support (22.95%), public education and awareness campaigns (21.31%), reallocating subsidies from fossil fuels to renewable sources (6.56%), and the implementation of incentive-based policies (4.92%). These results offer a foundation for designing participatory renewable energy initiatives involving local farmers and advancing sustainable development across the province. 

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Renewable energy
capacity assessment
rural development
sustainable agriculture
Kurdistan Province
Abualigah, L., Zitar, R. A., Almotairi, K. H., Hussein, A. M., Abd Elaziz, M., Nikoo, M. R., & Gandomi, A. H. J. E. (2022). Wind, solar, and photovoltaic renewable energy systems with and without energy storage optimization: A survey of advanced machine learning and deep learning techniques. 15(2), 578. doi.org/10.3390/en15020578
Ahmed, S. K. J. J. o. M., Surgery,, & Health, P. (2024). The pillars of trustworthiness in qualitative research. 2, 100051. doi.org/10.1016/j.glmedi.2024.100051
Arasteh Taleshmekaiil, M. R., Khatibi, S. M. R., Mohemsaz, M., Azimi, M. H., & Sadeghpour, A. (2021). Investigating the effective factors of renewable energy development in tehran metropolis. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6636955
Badsar, M., & Karami, R. (2021). Understanding farmers’ response to renewable energy: an application of Protection Motivation Theory. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 23(5), 987-1000. https://jast.modares.ac.ir/article-23-42761-en.html
Barragán-Escandón, A., Jara-Nieves, D., Romero-Fajardo, I., Zalamea-Leon, E. F., & Serrano-Guerrero, X. J. E. S. R. (2022). Barriers to renewable energy expansion: Ecuador as a case study. 43, 100903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2022.100903
Blaschke, T., Biberacher, M., Gadocha, S., Schardinger, I. J. b., & bioenergy. (2013). ‘Energy landscapes’: Meeting energy demands and human aspirations. 55, 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2012.11.022
Bolyssov, T. (2019). Features of the use of renewable energy sources in agriculture. doi:10.32479/ijeep.7443
Čábelková, I., Strielkowski, W., Firsova, I., & Korovushkina, M. (2020). Public acceptance of renewable energy sources: A case study from the Czech Republic. Energies, 13(7), 1742. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13071742
Clausen, L. T., & Rudolph, D. J. E. P. (2020). Renewable energy for sustainable rural development: Synergies and mismatches. 138, 111289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111289
Crippa, M., Guizzardi, D., Banja, M., Solazzo, E., Muntean, M., Schaaf, E., . . . Quadrelli, R. J. J. S. f. P. R., European Commission, EUR. (2022). CO2 emissions of all world countries. 31182. https://doi.org/10.2760/07904
Delponte, I., & Schenone, C. (2020). RES Implementation in Urban Areas: An Updated Overview. Sustainability, 12(1), 382. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010382
E.I.A. (2023). u.s. information energy administration.   Retrieved from https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/what-is-energy/
Emezirinwune, M. U., Adejumobi, I. A., Adebisi, O. I., Akinboro, F. G. J. e.-P.-A. i. E. E., Electronics, & Energy. (2024). Synergizing hybrid renewable energy systems and sustainable agriculture for rural development in Nigeria. 7, 100492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prime.2024.100492
Golafshani, N. J. T. q. r. (2003). Understanding reliability and validity in qualitative research. 8(4), 597-607.
Gołasa, P., Wysokiński, M., Bieńkowska-Gołasa, W., Gradziuk, P., Golonko, M., Gradziuk, B., . . . Gromada, A. (2021). Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Agriculture, with Particular Emphasis on Emissions from Energy Used. Energies, 14(13), 3784. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14133784
Governorate, k. (2021). Introduction of Kurdistan province. https://ostan-kd.ir/
Hajimineh, R., & Rad, E. R. J. F. E. (2024). The future of renewable energy in Iran's energy policy. 3(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.55670/fpll.fuen.3.3.1
Hannah , R., Pablo , R., & Max , R. (2020). Energy Production and Consumption. https://ourworldindata.org/energy-production-consumption.
Hannah , R., Pablo , R., & Max , R. (2021). Emissions by sector: where do greenhouse gases come from? https://ourworldindata.org.
Hannah , R., Pablo , R., & Max , R. (2023). CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions. Published online at OurWorldInData.org., https://ourworldindata.org/co2-and-greenhouse-gas-emissions' [Online Resource].
Hasanov, F. J., Khan, Z., Hussain, M., & Tufail, M. J. S. D. (2021). Theoretical framework for the carbon emissions effects of technological progress and renewable energy consumption. 29(5), 810-822. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2175
Henderson, K., & Loreau, M. J. E. m. (2023). A model of Sustainable Development Goals: Challenges and opportunities in promoting human well-being and environmental sustainability. 475, 110164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110164
Holechek, J. L., Geli, H. M., Sawalhah, M. N., & Valdez, R. J. S. (2022). A global assessment: can renewable energy replace fossil fuels by 2050? , 14(8), 4792. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084792
Hsieh, H.-F., & Shannon, S. E. J. Q. h. r. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. 15(9), 1277-1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
Ji, M., Li, J., & Zhang, M. J. E. I. A. R. (2024). What drives the agricultural carbon emissions for low-carbon transition? Evidence from China. 105, 107440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2024.107440
K.E.P.D.CO. (2022). Kurdestan electrical power distribution Co. https://kurdelectric.ir/en/
Kabir, E., Kumar, P., Kumar, S., Adelodun, A. A., Kim, K.-H. J. R., & Reviews, S. E. (2018). Solar energy: Potential and future prospects. 82, 894-900. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.094
Kopp, O. C. (2025). fossil fuel. Encyclopedia Britannica. Encyclopedia Britannica https://www.britannica.com/contributor/Otto-C-Kopp/1632
Korovin, I. O. (2018). Waste management in coal and oil industry in context of alternative sources of energy development Waste management in coal and oil industry in context of alternative sources of energy development: Korovin, Igor O. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.6694
Kuckartz, U., & Rädiker, S. (2023). Qualitative content analysis: Methods, practice and software: Sage. https://www.torrossa.com/en/resources/an/5543071
Kumar, C. M. S., Singh, S., Gupta, M. K., Nimdeo, Y. M., Raushan, R., Deorankar, A. V., . . . Assessments. (2023). Solar energy: A promising renewable source for meeting energy demand in Indian agriculture applications. 55, 102905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2022.102905
Li, Y., Westlund, H., & Liu, Y. J. J. o. R. S. (2019). Why some rural areas decline while some others not: An overview of rural evolution in the world. 68, 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.03.003
Ling, H., Massé, P.-Y., Rihet, T., & Wurtz, F. (2024). Improving Energy Consumption Coordination in Renewable Energy Communities through Nudging. https://hal.science/hal-04481798v1
Long, H., Tu, S., Ge, D., Li, T., & Liu, Y. J. J. o. R. S. (2016). The allocation and management of critical resources in rural China under restructuring: Problems and prospects. 47, 392-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2016.03.011
Ludin, N. A., Mustafa, N. I., Hanafiah, M. M., Ibrahim, M. A., Teridi, M. A. M., Sepeai, S., . . . Reviews, S. E. (2018). Prospects of life cycle assessment of renewable energy from solar photovoltaic technologies: A review. 96, 11-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.07.048
Mahmud, H., & Roy, J. (2021). Barriers to overcome in accelerating renewable energy penetration in Bangladesh. Sustainability, 13(14), 7694. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147694
Majeed, Y., Khan, M. U., Waseem, M., Zahid, U., Mahmood, F., Majeed, F., . . . Raza, A. J. E. R. (2023). Renewable energy as an alternative source for energy management in agriculture. 10, 344-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2023.06.032
Martinho, V. J. P. D. J. E. S. R. (2018). Interrelationships between renewable energy and agricultural economics: An overview. 22, 396-409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2018.11.002
Masukujjaman, M., Alam, S. S., Siwar, C., & Halim, S. A. (2021). Purchase intention of renewable energy technology in rural areas in Bangladesh: Empirical evidence. Renewable Energy, 170, 639-651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.125
Mentel, G., Lewandowska, A., Berniak-Woźny, J., & Tarczyński, W. J. E. (2023). Green and renewable energy innovations: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis. 16(3), 1428. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031428
Nouri ZamanAbadi, S. H. A., Amini, A., & Rahimi, H. J. J. o. R. R. (2016). Evaluate the relationship between sustainable agriculture and rural sustainable development (Case study: Fasa county rural areas). 7(4), 688-703. http://dx.doi.org/10.21859/jjr-07047
Oberthür, S., & Ott, H. E. (1999). The Kyoto Protocol: international climate policy for the 21st century: Springer Science & Business Media. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=-qp7Wt9GvccC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=The+Kyoto+Protocol:+international+climate+policy+for+the+21st+century&ots=ZJGFov6IQF&sig=nhHJhQD082IRrTe2bXPebsDB5_s#v=onepage&q=The%20Kyoto%20Protocol%3A%20international%20climate%20policy%20for%20the%2021st%20century&f=false
Olabi, A., Obaideen, K., Abdelkareem, M. A., AlMallahi, M. N., Shehata, N., Alami, A. H., . . . Sayed, E. T. J. S. (2023). Wind energy contribution to the sustainable development goals: Case study on London array. 15(5), 4641. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054641
Ordoo, S., Arjmandi, R., Karbassi, A., Mohammadi, A., Ghodosi, J. J. J. o. E. M., & Technology. (2023). A SWOT-AHP analysis of renewable energy development strategies in Iran. 7(2), 80-85. https://doi.org/10.22109/jemt.2022.335292.1375
Ozili, P. K., Ozen, E. J. T. I. o. C. C., & Market, S. S. o. t. I. (2023). Global energy crisis: impact on the global economy. 439-454. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394167944.ch29
Petrović-Ranđelović, M., Kocić, N., & Stojanović-Ranđelović, B. J. E. o. S. D. (2020). The importance of renewable energy sources for sustainable development. 4(2), 15-24. DOI: 10.5937/ESD2002016P
Qazi, A., Hussain, F., Rahim, N. A., Hardaker, G., Alghazzawi, D., Shaban, K., & Haruna, K. J. I. a. (2019). Towards sustainable energy: a systematic review of renewable energy sources, technologies, and public opinions. 7, 63837-63851. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2906402
Raheem, A., Abbasi, S. A., Memon, A., Samo, S. R., Taufiq-Yap, Y., Danquah, M. K., . . . Society. (2016). Renewable energy deployment to combat energy crisis in Pakistan. 6(1), 1-13. DOI 10.1186/s13705-016-0082-z
Rahman, M. M., Khan, I., Field, D. L., Techato, K., & Alameh, K. J. R. E. (2022). Powering agriculture: Present status, future potential, and challenges of renewable energy applications. 188, 731-749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2022.02.065
Ripple, W. J., Wolf, C., Newsome, T. M., Barnard, P., & Moomaw, W. R. J. B. (2020). World scientists’ warning of a climate emergency. 70(1), 8-100. https://hal.science/hal-02397151v1/file/biz088_supplemental_file_s1.pdf
S Mohsen, P., Pourfayaz, F., Shirmohamadi, R., Moosavi, S., Khalilpoor, N. J. R. E. R., & Applications. (2021). Potential, current status, and applications of renewable energy in energy sector of Iran: A review. 2(1), 25-49. https://doi.org/10.22044/rera.2020.8841.1008
Sahu, B. K. J. R., & Reviews, S. E. (2016). Solar energy developments, policies and future prospectus in the state of Odisha, India. 61, 526-536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.027
Sayigh, A. (2024). Solar and wind energy will supply more than 50% of world electricity by 2030. Paper presented at the Transition Towards a Carbon Free Future: Selected Papers from the World Renewable Energy Congress (WREC) 2023. https://link.springer.com/
Seema Arora , J. (2023). The sustainable development goals: A universalist promise for the future. 146, 103087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2022.103087
Sengupta, P., Choudhury, B. K., Mitra, S., Agrawal, K. M. J. E. o. r., & materials, s. (2020). Low carbon economy for sustainable development. 3, 551-560. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sarbani_Mitra/publication/333957835_Low_Carbon_Economy_for_Sustainable_Development/links/6159610661a8f466709ec1dc/Low-Carbon-Economy-for-Sustainable-Development.pdf
Seo, S. N., & Practice. (2017). Beyond the Paris Agreement: Climate change policy negotiations and future directions. Regional Science Policy, 9(2), 121-140. https://doi.org/10.1111/rsp3.12090
Shahsavari, A., Akbari, M. J. R., & Reviews, S. E. (2018). Potential of solar energy in developing countries for reducing energy-related emissions. 90, 275-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.065
Solangi, Y. A., Longsheng, C., & Shah, S. A. A. (2021). Assessing and overcoming the renewable energy barriers for sustainable development in Pakistan: An integrated AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS approach. Renewable Energy, 173, 209-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2021.03.141
Solaymani, S. J. S. (2021). A review on energy and renewable energy policies in Iran. 13(13), 7328. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137328
tashan, y., mohamad, B., gholizadeh, h., namdari, m., & karami, o. (2024). Economic Analysis of Renewable Energy Development and Utilization in the Agricultural Sector of Kurdistan Province %J Economic Geography Research. 5(17), 85-100. https://doi.org/10.30470/jegr.2024.2023887.1156
Teimourian, A., Bahrami, A., Teimourian, H., Vala, M., Oraj Huseyniklioglu, A. J. E. S., Part A: Recovery, Utilization,, & Effects, E. (2020). Assessment of wind energy potential in the southeastern province of Iran. 42(3), 329-343. https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1587079
Trevisan, R., Ghiani, E., & Pilo, F. J. S. C. (2023). Renewable Energy Communities in Positive Energy Districts: A Governance and Realisation Framework in Compliance with the Italian Regulation. 6(1), 563-585. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6010026
UNDP. (2022). The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs),. (Sustainable Development Goals). https://www.undp.org/sustainable-development-goals
Vakulchuk, R., Overland, I., Scholten, D. J. R., & reviews, s. e. (2020). Renewable energy and geopolitics: A review. 122, 109547. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109547
Wall, W. P., Khalid, B., Urbański, M., & Kot, M. (2021). Factors influencing consumer’s adoption of renewable energy. Energies, 14(17), 5420. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14175420
Weiss, E. B. J. I. L. M. (1992). United Nations conference on environment and development. 31(4), 814-817. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-legal-materials/article/abs/united-nations-conference-on-environment-and-development/22E02DC9F4494CC581525B653EA24B3A
Yang, Y., Si, Z., Jia, L., Wang, P., Huang, L., Zhang, Y., . . . Buildings. (2024). Whether rural rooftop photovoltaics can effectively fight the power consumption conflicts at the regional scale–A case study of Jiangsu Province. 306, 113921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.113921
Yin, S., & Zhao, Z. J. F. i. E. R. (2023). Energy development in rural China toward a clean energy system: utilization status, co-benefit mechanism, and countermeasures. 11, 1283407. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2023.1283407
Zahedi, R., Zahedi, A., & Ahmadi, A. J. S. (2022). Strategic study for renewable energy policy, optimizations and sustainability in Iran. 14(4), 2418. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042418
Zhang, L., Pang, J., Chen, X., & Lu, Z. J. S. o. t. T. E. (2019). Carbon emissions, energy consumption and economic growth: Evidence from the agricultural sector of China's main grain-producing areas. 665, 1017-1025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.02.162
تحقیقات ترویج و توسعه روستایی
دوره 2، شماره 2
پاییز و زمستان 1403
اسفند 1403
صفحه 110-129

  • تاریخ دریافت 01 آبان 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 10 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 26 اسفند 1403
  • تاریخ انتشار 30 اسفند 1403